![]() ![]() This study provides the first evidence of liver CSC biodiversity at the single-cell level. Single-cell analysis reveals cancer stem cell heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma. EpCAM and alpha-fetoprotein expression defines novel prognostic subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma. Progenitor cell markers predict outcome of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma beyond Milan criteria undergoing liver transplantation. High expression levels of putative hepatic stem/progenitor cell biomarkers related to tumour angiogenesis and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms and translational potential. Advances in surface markers of liver cancer stem cell. Cancer stem cells in the development of liver cancer. Tumour evolution in hepatocellular carcinoma. J., von Felden, J., Garcia-Lezana, T., Sarcognato, S. Targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Understanding the key traits and mechanisms of liver CSC survival provides opportunities to improve patient outcomes through improving prognostic models and therapeutic approaches. Liver CSCs reside in dedicated niches where they interact reciprocally with cells and/or factors in the tumour microenvironment to regulate stemness. Liver CSCs are capable of sustaining tumours by altering intrinsic regulators that converge into common signalling pathways. Lineage-tracing and cell-ablation studies in intact mouse tumours have provided insights into liver CSC plasticity, quiescence, renewal and treatment response. Liver cancer stem cells (CSCs), a unique subset of hepatocellular carcinoma cells with stem cell features, dictate a hierarchical organization and contribute to treatment resistance and tumour recurrence.Įarly studies using cell-sorting and xenotransplantation techniques identified various liver CSC markers that have laid important groundwork for current research in the field. We also discuss the potential application of liver CSC-based therapies for treatment of HCC. We also comprehensively describe developments in the liver CSC field with emphasis on experiments utilizing single-cell transcriptomics to understand liver CSC heterogeneity, lineage-tracing and cell-ablation studies of liver CSCs, and the influence of the CSC niche and tumour microenvironment on liver cancer stemness, including interactions between CSCs and the immune system. In this Review, we summarize the present knowledge of liver CSC markers and the regulators of stemness in HCC. These studies revealed novel aspects of liver CSCs, including their heterogeneity and unique immunobiology, which are suggestive of opportunities for new research directions and potential therapies. The past two decades have seen a marked increase in research on the identification and characterization of liver CSCs, which has encouraged the design of novel diagnostic and treatment strategies for HCC. This model explains several clinical observations in HCC (as well as in other cancers), including the almost inevitable recurrence of tumours after initial successful chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, as well as the phenomena of tumour dormancy and treatment resistance. The cancer stem cell (CSC) model states that tumour growth is powered by a subset of tumour stem cells within cancers. ![]() Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive disease with a poor clinical outcome. ![]()
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